Mastering DNS over HTTPS (DoH): A Comprehensive Guide to Setup and Configuration

DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is a privacy-enhancing protocol that encrypts your DNS queries, preventing your internet service provider (ISP) and potential eavesdroppers from seeing which websites you visit. This guide will walk you through setting up DoH on various devices and operating systems, addressing common issues and offering advanced configuration options.

Understanding DNS over HTTPS

Traditional DNS uses unencrypted queries, making your browsing activity easily visible. DoH solves this by encrypting your DNS requests using HTTPS, the same protocol used for secure web browsing. This adds a layer of privacy and security, protecting your DNS data from interception and manipulation.

Choosing a DoH Provider

Before configuring DoH, you'll need to choose a reputable DNS provider that supports DoH. Popular options include:

• Cloudflare (1.1.1.1): Known for its speed and privacy focus.
• Google Public DNS (8.8.8.8): A widely used and reliable option.
• Quad9 (9.9.9.9): Focuses on security and blocking malicious websites.
• CleanBrowsing (various options): Offers different filtering levels.

The best provider for you depends on your priorities. Consider factors like speed, privacy policies, and security features when making your choice.

Setting up DoH on Different Platforms

1. Windows

Windows 10 and 11 allow you to configure DoH directly through the network settings. Here's how:

1. Open Settings.
2. Go to Network & internet.
3. Click on Change adapter options.
4. Right-click on your active network connection and select Properties.
5. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) or Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) (or both).
6. Click Properties.
7. Select Use the following DNS server addresses:
8. Enter the DoH provider's IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. For example, for Cloudflare, use 1.1.1.1 and 1.0.0.1.
9. Click OK to save the changes.

Note: This method doesn't explicitly enable DoH, but using the DoH provider's IP addresses often results in DoH being used if your ISP and router support it.

2. macOS

macOS doesn't have a built-in setting for DoH. You can use the networksetup command in Terminal, or configure DoH within your router's settings (see the router section below).

3. Linux

The method for configuring DoH on Linux varies depending on your distribution and desktop environment. Generally, you'll need to modify your network manager configuration file or use the command line to set the DNS servers. Consult your distribution's documentation for specific instructions.

4. Routers

Configuring DoH at the router level ensures that all devices connected to your network use it. The process varies significantly depending on your router model and firmware. Check your router's documentation for instructions on how to configure custom DNS servers. Look for settings related to DNS, DHCP, or DoH specifically.

5. Browsers

Some browsers offer built-in DoH support. Check your browser's settings for options to configure DNS settings or privacy settings. For example, Firefox and Chrome allow for DoH configuration via extensions or in their settings if supported by the operating system.

Troubleshooting DoH

If you encounter problems after setting up DoH, try the following:

• Verify your settings: Double-check that you've entered the correct DNS server addresses.
• Restart your devices: Restart your computer and router to ensure the changes take effect.
• Check your ISP: Some ISPs might block or interfere with DoH. Contact your ISP for assistance if you suspect this is the issue.
• Try a different DoH provider: If one provider isn't working, try another.

By following this guide, you can effectively improve your online privacy and security by implementing DNS over HTTPS on your devices. Remember to adapt the instructions to your specific operating system and router model for a seamless setup.