DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is a privacy-enhancing protocol that encrypts your DNS queries, preventing your internet service provider (ISP) and other potential eavesdroppers from seeing which websites you visit. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of DoH, covering its benefits, potential drawbacks, and detailed instructions on how to configure it on various devices and operating systems.
Traditionally, DNS queries are sent over unencrypted UDP or TCP. DoH changes this by encapsulating DNS queries and responses within HTTPS requests, leveraging the security and encryption provided by TLS. This means your DNS traffic is shielded from prying eyes, improving your online privacy.
The methods for configuring DoH vary depending on your operating system and network setup. Here are some common approaches:
Windows 10 and 11 offer built-in support for DoH through the network adapter settings. You'll need to manually input the DoH server address. The most common setting involves replacing the IPv4 or IPv6 addresses in your network adapter's properties with the DoH server's HTTPS address.
Note: This method might require technical expertise. Incorrect configuration can disrupt your internet access.
macOS allows you to set a custom DNS server address in the Network settings. You can enter the DoH server address in the appropriate field. Again, be sure to use the HTTPS address (e.g., https://dns.google/dns-query, not just the domain name).
On Linux distributions like Ubuntu, you can modify the /etc/resolv.conf file, though it's usually managed dynamically. You might need to configure your network manager (NetworkManager or systemd-resolved) to use a DoH resolver. This often involves editing configuration files or using command-line tools, and the exact process can vary across distributions.
Many Android devices allow for setting custom DNS settings within the Wi-Fi or mobile network settings. Look for options to set a private DNS address and enter the DoH provider's address.
Similar to Android, iOS devices usually have settings to configure a custom DNS server. This is typically found within the Wi-Fi settings. You might need to find a third-party app offering more granular control for DoH support, as built-in options might be limited.
Some modern routers support DoH directly. Check your router's documentation to see if it offers this feature and how to enable it. This will apply DoH to all devices connected to the router.
Applications like Stubby or unbound allow you to run a local DNS resolver that supports DoH. These clients offer more advanced configuration options and are suitable for users who want fine-grained control over their DNS settings.
Several reputable providers offer DoH services, including Cloudflare (https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query), Google Public DNS (https://dns.google/dns-query), and Quad9 (https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query). When selecting a provider, consider factors such as privacy policy, speed, and security reputation.
By following these instructions and making informed choices about your DoH provider, you can significantly enhance your online privacy and security. Remember to always prioritize your online safety and conduct thorough research before making any significant changes to your network settings.