DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is a method of performing DNS lookups over HTTPS, encrypting the queries and responses. This enhances privacy and security compared to traditional DNS over UDP (DoT) by hiding your DNS queries from your ISP and potential eavesdroppers. While the underlying principle remains consistent, DoH has evolved, with versions 1.1 and 1.2 representing significant improvements. This article delves into the key differences and advancements between these two versions.
Before diving into version specifics, let's briefly recap the core functionality of DoH. Instead of sending DNS queries in plain text over UDP, DoH uses the HTTPS protocol. This leverages the security and encryption features of TLS (Transport Layer Security), ensuring confidentiality and integrity.
The process involves a client (your computer or device) sending a DNS query to a DoH server via HTTPS. The server processes the query, performs the DNS lookup, and returns the results back to the client, also encrypted via HTTPS. This whole process remains within the encrypted HTTPS tunnel, making it very difficult for third parties to intercept and analyze your DNS traffic.
DoH 1.1 established the fundamental framework for secure DNS resolution over HTTPS. It focused on the core aspects of:
While DoH 1.1 provided a substantial security upgrade, it lacked certain features that were addressed in subsequent versions.
DoH 1.2 built upon the foundation laid by version 1.1, introducing several key improvements:
The primary differences lie in performance enhancements and extended functionality. While 1.1 provides a secure foundation, 1.2 improves the overall user experience and expands capabilities. Specific changes are detailed in the relevant RFCs (Request for Comments). The performance improvements might be subtle in many cases, but they become noticeable when dealing with a large number of queries or under high network load.
The choice between using a DoH resolver supporting version 1.1 or 1.2 depends on your needs and priorities. Most modern browsers and operating systems now support DoH 1.2, and using it offers the best balance of security, privacy, and performance. However, if compatibility with older systems or specific applications is paramount, DoH 1.1 might still be necessary.
Remember to select a reputable DoH provider to ensure your privacy and security. Public DNS resolvers like Cloudflare's 1.1.1.1 or Google Public DNS offer DoH services, and many ISPs are also integrating DoH into their offerings.
DoH has become an essential technology for enhancing online privacy and security. The evolution from version 1.1 to 1.2 reflects a commitment to ongoing improvement, focusing on performance optimization and increased functionality. Choosing a DoH resolver that supports the latest version (1.2) provides the best experience, combining the security benefits of encryption with enhanced efficiency and privacy features. Keeping your DNS resolution secure and private is vital in today's digital landscape, and DoH plays a critical role in achieving that goal.